tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-85557855137224901362024-03-06T12:02:07.985-08:00Gumboro...Infectious Bursal DiseaseUnknownnoreply@blogger.comBlogger13125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8555785513722490136.post-58544937614167109022012-07-19T06:01:00.000-07:002012-07-19T06:01:27.240-07:00CLINICAL SIGNS OF INFECTIOUS BURSAL DISEASE<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Clinical_signs">Clinical signs</span></h2>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 13px;">Disease may appear suddenly and morbidity typically reaches 100%. In the</span><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 13px;"> </span><b style="background-color: white; font-size: 13px;">acute form</b><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 13px;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 13px;">birds are prostrated, debilitated and dehydrated. They produce a watery diarrhea and may have swollen feces-stained vent. Most of the flock is recumbent and have ruffled feathers. Mortality rates vary with virulence of the strain involved, the challenge dose, previous immunity, presence of concurrent disease, as well as the flock's ability to mount an effective immune response. Immunosuppression of very young chickens, less than three weeks of age, is possibly the most important outcome and may not be clinically detectable (subclinical). In addition, infection with less virulent strains may not show overt clinical signs, but birds that have bursal atrophy with fibrotic or cystic follicles and lymphocytopenia before six weeks of age, may be susceptible to opportunistic infection and may die of infection by agents that would not usually cause disease in immunocompetent birds.</span></h2>
</div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8555785513722490136.post-65405154852478472932012-01-31T01:46:00.000-08:002012-01-31T01:46:52.211-08:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-skBHMa7FN5o/Tye32RJ9JmI/AAAAAAAAAIk/q-GHy3hxs30/s1600/g3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-skBHMa7FN5o/Tye32RJ9JmI/AAAAAAAAAIk/q-GHy3hxs30/s1600/g3.jpg" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"> Gumboro,Infectious Bursal disease Postmortom Findings</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-dR_qgEdkuh0/Tye33ROEVpI/AAAAAAAAAIs/MMeS21MY1_0/s1600/g44.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-dR_qgEdkuh0/Tye33ROEVpI/AAAAAAAAAIs/MMeS21MY1_0/s1600/g44.jpg" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"> Gumboro,Infectious Bursal disease Postmortom Findings</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-nap75t6e5uU/Tye345SRS4I/AAAAAAAAAI0/kHKfpWVKi0M/s1600/g434.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-nap75t6e5uU/Tye345SRS4I/AAAAAAAAAI0/kHKfpWVKi0M/s1600/g434.jpg" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"> Gumboro,Infectious Bursal disease Postmortom Findings</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-zh-EMyBHmOM/Tye36NTiJsI/AAAAAAAAAI8/8qXcgRtZ-sY/s1600/g.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-zh-EMyBHmOM/Tye36NTiJsI/AAAAAAAAAI8/8qXcgRtZ-sY/s1600/g.jpg" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">Gumboro,Infectious Bursal disease Postmortom Findings </div></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8555785513722490136.post-70043339335289208462012-01-31T01:42:00.000-08:002012-01-31T01:43:21.305-08:00INFECTIOUS BURSAL DISEASE (GUMBORO)<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><br />
<h1 style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 15px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: -webkit-auto; width: 510px;">iral Diseases</h1><h4 style="background-color: white; color: #00a94f; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 15px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-shadow: rgb(170, 170, 170) 1px 1px 3px; width: 510px;">INFECTIOUS BURSAL DISEASE (GUMBORO)</h4><div id="container" style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 5px; text-align: -webkit-auto; width: 775px;"><div class="fig" style="width: 495px;"><img alt="Infectious bursal disease (IBD, Gumboro) is an acute, highly contagious viral infection in chickens manifested by inflammation and subsequent atrophy of the bursa of Fabricius, various degrees of nephroso-nephritis and immunosuppression. Clinically the disease is seen only in chickens older than 3 weeks. The feathers around the vent are usually stained with faeces containing plenty of urates." src="http://www.thepoultrysite.com/publications/images/image_Page_041_Image_0004.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 5px;" /><br />
<div style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 1.4; padding-bottom: 15px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; width: 495px;"><strong>215.</strong>Infectious bursal disease (IBD, Gumboro) is an acute, highly contagious viral infection in chickens manifested by inflammation and subsequent atrophy of the bursa of Fabricius, various degrees of nephroso-nephritis and immunosuppression. Clinically the disease is seen only in chickens older than 3 weeks. The feathers around the vent are usually stained with faeces containing plenty of urates.</div><div class="break" style="clear: both; height: 1px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden;"></div></div><div class="fig" style="width: 495px;"><img alt="The period of most apparent clinical symptoms and high death rate is at the age of 3 - 6 weeks. IBD could however be observed as long as chickens have a functioning bursa (up to the age of 16 weeks). In chickens younger than 3 weeks, IBD could be subclinical, but injured bursa leads to immunosuppression. Also, diarrhoea, anorexia, depression, ruffled feathers, especially in the region of the head and the neck are present." src="http://www.thepoultrysite.com/publications/images/image_Page_042_Image_0002.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 5px;" /><br />
<div style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 1.4; padding-bottom: 15px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; width: 495px;">The period of most apparent clinical symptoms and high death rate is at the age of 3 - 6 weeks. IBD could however be observed as long as chickens have a functioning bursa (up to the age of 16 weeks). In chickens younger than 3 weeks, IBD could be subclinical, but injured bursa leads to immunosuppression. Also, diarrhoea, anorexia, depression, ruffled feathers, especially in the region of the head and the neck are present.</div><div class="break" style="clear: both; height: 1px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden;"></div></div><div class="fig" style="width: 495px;"><img alt="A natural IBD infection is mostly observed in chickens. In turkeys and ducks it could occur subclinical^, without immunosuppression. Most isolates of the IBD virus in turkeys are serologically different from those in chickens. In premises, once contaminated with the IBD virus, the disease tends to recur, usually as subclinical infection. The dead bodies are dehydrated, often with haemorrhages in the pectoral, thigh and abdominal muscles.
218. The IBD virus belongs to the Birnaviridae family of RNA viruses. Two serotypes are known to exist, but only serotype 1 is pathogenic. The virus is highly resistant to most disinfectants and environmental onditions. In contaminated premises, it could persist for months and in water, forage and faeces for weeks. The incubation period is short and the first symptoms appear 2-3 days after infection. The lesions in the bursa of Fabricius are progressive. In the beginning, the bursa is enlarged, oedematous and covered with a gelatinous transudate." src="http://www.thepoultrysite.com/publications/images/image_Page_042_Image_0003.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 5px;" /><br />
<div style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 1.4; padding-bottom: 15px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; width: 495px;"><strong>217.</strong>A natural IBD infection is mostly observed in chickens. In turkeys and ducks it could occur subclinical^, without immunosuppression. Most isolates of the IBD virus in turkeys are serologically different from those in chickens. In premises, once contaminated with the IBD virus, the disease tends to recur, usually as subclinical infection. The dead bodies are dehydrated, often with haemorrhages in the pectoral, thigh and abdominal muscles.</div><div class="break" style="clear: both; height: 1px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden;"></div></div><div class="fig" style="width: 495px;"><img alt="The IBD virus belongs to the Birnaviridae family of RNA viruses. Two serotypes are known to exist, but only serotype 1 is pathogenic. The virus is highly resistant to most disinfectants and environmental onditions. In contaminated premises, it could persist for months and in water, forage and faeces for weeks. The incubation period is short and the first symptoms appear 2-3 days after infection. The lesions in the bursa of Fabricius are progressive. In the beginning, the bursa is enlarged, oedematous and covered with a gelatinous transudate." src="http://www.thepoultrysite.com/publications/images/image_Page_042_Image_0001.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 5px;" /><br />
<div style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 1.4; padding-bottom: 15px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; width: 495px;"><strong>218.</strong>The IBD virus belongs to the Birnaviridae family of RNA viruses. Two serotypes are known to exist, but only serotype 1 is pathogenic. The virus is highly resistant to most disinfectants and environmental onditions. In contaminated premises, it could persist for months and in water, forage and faeces for weeks. The incubation period is short and the first symptoms appear 2-3 days after infection. The lesions in the bursa of Fabricius are progressive. In the beginning, the bursa is enlarged, oedematous and covered with a gelatinous transudate.</div><div class="break" style="clear: both; height: 1px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden;"></div></div><div class="fig" style="width: 495px;"><img alt="IBD virus has a lymphocidic effect and the most severe injuries are in the lymph follicles of the bursa of Fabricius. Most commonly, IBD begins as a serous bursitis." src="http://www.thepoultrysite.com/publications/images/image_Page_042_Image_0004.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 5px;" /><br />
<div style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 1.4; padding-bottom: 15px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; width: 495px;"><strong>219.</strong>IBD virus has a lymphocidic effect and the most severe injuries are in the lymph follicles of the bursa of Fabricius. Most commonly, IBD begins as a serous bursitis.</div><div class="break" style="clear: both; height: 1px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden;"></div></div><div class="fig" style="width: 495px;"><img alt="IBD lesions undergo various stages of serous haemorrhagic to severe haemorrhagic inflammation. The morbidity rate is very high and could reach 100%, whereas the mortality rate: 20 - 30%. The course of the disease is 5-7 days and the peak mortality occurs in the middle of this period." src="http://www.thepoultrysite.com/publications/images/image_Page_042_Image_0006.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 5px;" /><img alt="IBD lesions undergo various stages of serous haemorrhagic to severe haemorrhagic inflammation. The morbidity rate is very high and could reach 100%, whereas the mortality rate: 20 - 30%. The course of the disease is 5-7 days and the peak mortality occurs in the middle of this period." src="http://www.thepoultrysite.com/publications/images/image_Page_042_Image_0005.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 5px;" /><img alt="IBD lesions undergo various stages of serous haemorrhagic to severe haemorrhagic inflammation. The morbidity rate is very high and could reach 100%, whereas the mortality rate: 20 - 30%. The course of the disease is 5-7 days and the peak mortality occurs in the middle of this period." src="http://www.thepoultrysite.com/publications/images/image_Page_043_Image_0001.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 5px;" /><br />
<div style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 1.4; padding-bottom: 15px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; width: 495px;"><strong>220.221.222.</strong>IBD lesions undergo various stages of serous haemorrhagic to severe haemorrhagic inflammation. The morbidity rate is very high and could reach 100%, whereas the mortality rate: 20 - 30%. The course of the disease is 5-7 days and the peak mortality occurs in the middle of this period.</div><div class="break" style="clear: both; height: 1px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden;"></div></div><div class="fig" style="width: 495px;"><img alt="In some cases, the bursa is filled with coagulated fibrinous exudate that usually forms casts with the shape of mucosal folds. In birds surviving the acute stage of the disease, the bursa is progressively atrophying. Microscopically, an atrophy of follicles into the bursa is observed secondary to inflammatory and dystrophic necrobiotic alterations." src="http://www.thepoultrysite.com/publications/images/image_Page_043_Image_0003.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 5px;" /><img alt="In some cases, the bursa is filled with coagulated fibrinous exudate that usually forms casts with the shape of mucosal folds. In birds surviving the acute stage of the disease, the bursa is progressively atrophying. Microscopically, an atrophy of follicles into the bursa is observed secondary to inflammatory and dystrophic necrobiotic alterations." src="http://www.thepoultrysite.com/publications/images/image_Page_042_Image_0001.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 5px;" /><br />
<div style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 1.4; padding-bottom: 15px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; width: 495px;"><strong>223.224.</strong>In some cases, the bursa is filled with coagulated fibrinous exudate that usually forms casts with the shape of mucosal folds. In birds surviving the acute stage of the disease, the bursa is progressively atrophying. Microscopically, an atrophy of follicles into the bursa is observed secondary to inflammatory and dystrophic necrobiotic alterations.</div><div class="break" style="clear: both; height: 1px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden;"></div></div><div class="fig" style="width: 495px;"><img alt="The kidneys are affected by a severe urate diathesis. In an acute outbreak and manifestation of the typical clinical signs, the diagnostics is not difficult. The diagnosis could be confirmed by detection of typical gross lesions throughout a patho-anatomical study. IBD should be differentiated from IBH (inclusion body hepatitis). The application of live vaccines in chickens is a key point in the prevention of IBD and should be related to the levels of maternal antibodies." src="http://www.thepoultrysite.com/publications/images/image_Page_043_Image_0004.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 5px;" /><br />
<div style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 1.4; padding-bottom: 15px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; width: 495px;"><strong>225.</strong>The kidneys are affected by a severe urate diathesis. In an acute outbreak and manifestation of the typical clinical signs, the diagnostics is not difficult. The diagnosis could be confirmed by detection of typical gross lesions throughout a patho-anatomical study. IBD should be differentiated from IBH (inclusion body hepatitis). The application of live vaccines in chickens is a key point in the prevention of IBD and should be related to the levels of maternal antibodies.<br />
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source:<a href="http://kenanaonline.com/files/0032/32327/infectious-bursal-disease-gumboro.htm" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.4;">http://kenanaonline.com/files/0032/32327/infectious-bursal-disease-gumboro.htm</a></div></div></div></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8555785513722490136.post-79135135040308140932012-01-31T01:38:00.000-08:002012-01-31T01:38:21.633-08:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-o_gdIIVDZ1k/Tye2D0nV5GI/AAAAAAAAAIc/__IheHT4kjM/s1600/kanatli14_clip_image010.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-o_gdIIVDZ1k/Tye2D0nV5GI/AAAAAAAAAIc/__IheHT4kjM/s1600/kanatli14_clip_image010.jpg" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">Gumboro diseases,postmortom findings</div></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8555785513722490136.post-70736584312418121412012-01-03T08:52:00.000-08:002012-01-03T08:52:12.557-08:00Microbiology of IBD VIRUS<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<h1 style="background-color: white; color: #ff9618; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 2.5em; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: -0.75em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em;">
Microbiology</h1>
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The IBD Virus</h2>
<ul style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 15px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(http://www.gumboro.com/images/layout/hasChild.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 6px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; line-height: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Small, non-enveloped double stranded RNA virus.</li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(http://www.gumboro.com/images/layout/hasChild.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 6px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; line-height: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Family: <i style="line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Birnaviridae.</i></li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(http://www.gumboro.com/images/layout/hasChild.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 6px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; line-height: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Very stable hardy virus.</li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(http://www.gumboro.com/images/layout/hasChild.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 6px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; line-height: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Able to withstand a wide pH range (pH 2-12).</li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(http://www.gumboro.com/images/layout/hasChild.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 6px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; line-height: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Heat stable (still viable after 30 minutes at 60°C).</li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(http://www.gumboro.com/images/layout/hasChild.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 6px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; line-height: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">High level of resistance to most commonly used disinfectants.</li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(http://www.gumboro.com/images/layout/hasChild.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 6px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; line-height: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Survives in the poultry house environment for extended periods of time.</li>
</ul>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 19px;">ARTICLE SOURCE:</span></span><a href="http://www.gumboro.com/disease/microbiology/index.asp">http://www.gumboro.com/disease/microbiology/index.asp</a></div>
</div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8555785513722490136.post-44971789243662265602012-01-03T08:49:00.000-08:002012-01-03T08:49:28.779-08:00Gumboro Disease - overview<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Gumboro Disease - overview</h1>
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Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD), or Gumboro Disease, is a viral disease affecting young chicken's. The disease has a worldwide prevalence. The target organ of the virus is the Bursa of Fabricius, an important organ in the young chickens developing immune system.</div>
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The economic impact of an Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) infection is twofold:</div>
<ol style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 15px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">
<li style="background-image: none; line-height: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Direct mortality that can reach levels in excess of 40%, and</li>
<li style="background-image: none; line-height: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Secondary infections, due to a suboptimal immune system, having a negative impact on production efficiency.</li>
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The negative effects of IBDV can be successfully controlled by<a href="http://www.gumboro.com/control/vaccination/" style="color: #ff9618; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">vaccination</a> and implementing sound <a href="http://www.gumboro.com/control/biosecurity.asp" style="color: #ff9618; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">biosecurity</a> prinicples.</div>
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article source:<a href="http://www.gumboro.com/disease/" style="background-color: transparent;">http://www.gumboro.com/disease/</a></div>
</div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8555785513722490136.post-43892146241470999422011-07-12T13:22:00.000-07:002011-07-12T13:22:50.921-07:00Infectious Bursal Disease.....Gumboro<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-PNWeEBd5I9M/ThysklHRdKI/AAAAAAAAAB8/BUdRL0lV8Vg/s1600/image_Page_041_Image_0004.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-PNWeEBd5I9M/ThysklHRdKI/AAAAAAAAAB8/BUdRL0lV8Vg/s1600/image_Page_041_Image_0004.jpg" /></a></div><br />
Infectious Bursal Disease.....Gumboro<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-8xd_QKfLWN0/ThysmItugLI/AAAAAAAAACA/d4ZhuHlbp6I/s1600/image_Page_042_Image_0002.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-8xd_QKfLWN0/ThysmItugLI/AAAAAAAAACA/d4ZhuHlbp6I/s1600/image_Page_042_Image_0002.jpg" /></a></div><br />
Infectious Bursal Disease.....Gumboro<br />
Depressed and Debilitated Bird<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyGDIYfndwTI90E82hGTKWLxIfa0-_BApUcTVQOOsCBn0tJxJ_gR4fXC5S-Fv3s5DmKDQJUsDmG9-5xZ8wC2n8N5dCS1taZef1hg_dC1Qg2VSwkR4sH4RtViMhfZDUEFxISDKJxYMG-es/s1600/image_Page_043_Image_0001.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="187" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyGDIYfndwTI90E82hGTKWLxIfa0-_BApUcTVQOOsCBn0tJxJ_gR4fXC5S-Fv3s5DmKDQJUsDmG9-5xZ8wC2n8N5dCS1taZef1hg_dC1Qg2VSwkR4sH4RtViMhfZDUEFxISDKJxYMG-es/s320/image_Page_043_Image_0001.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br />
Infectious Bursal Disease.....Gumboro<br />
postmortem lesions<br />
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8555785513722490136.post-66415885801843959832011-07-11T02:20:00.000-07:002011-07-11T02:20:04.273-07:00Treatment of Infectious Bursal Disease/ Gumboroinfetious bursal disease is highly contagious disease of young chicken and causes 60- 80% mortality. it is unbearable loss for poultry farmers. regarding treatment there is no specific treatment of gumboro however in natural herbs there are some medicinal plants that have magicly effects on gumboro disease. these plants are as follos:<br />
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Allium sativum <br />
Arnica montana <br />
Cannabis Sativa<br />
Cannabis Sativa<br />
Glycyrrhiza glabra<br />
Hydrastis canadensis<br />
Hypericum perforatumUnknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8555785513722490136.post-62843531068965612612011-07-09T04:11:00.000-07:002011-07-09T04:11:04.992-07:00Treatment Of IBDGumboro is successfully being treated with<br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red; font-size: x-large;"> GOMBOHIT</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red; font-size: x-large;">AVAILABLE FROM PAKISTAN</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red; font-size: x-large;">CONTACT:</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red; font-size: x-large;">visitusman@yahoo.com</span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8555785513722490136.post-75252570442537427402011-07-09T04:04:00.001-07:002011-07-09T04:04:47.302-07:00IBD Symptoms and Lesions<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 15px;"></span><br />
<h1 style="color: #ff9618; font-size: 2.5em; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: -0.75em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em;"><br />
</h1><div class="intro" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Severity of symptoms and lesions is dependant on the virulence of the infective virus, type of bird (layer or meat-type) and the immune status of the infected bird. Acute and sub clinical IBD are distinguished.</div><h2 style="color: #ff9618; font-size: 2em; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em;">Acute Clinical IBD</h2><ul style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.3em; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(http://www.gumboro.com/images/layout/hasChild.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 6px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Sudden onset of disease.</li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(http://www.gumboro.com/images/layout/hasChild.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 6px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Infected birds are depressed, have ruffled feathers, droopy appearance and may be seen pecking at the vent.</li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(http://www.gumboro.com/images/layout/hasChild.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 6px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Morbidity and mortality begins 3 days post infection, peaks and recedes in a period of 5 -7 days.</li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(http://www.gumboro.com/images/layout/hasChild.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 6px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Mortality may be negligible or as high as 90% in case of very virulent IBDV. The more common scenario is mortality of 10 – 20%.</li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(http://www.gumboro.com/images/layout/hasChild.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 6px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">In the field situation the mortality in layer type birds is generally higher than in meat type birds.</li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(http://www.gumboro.com/images/layout/hasChild.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 6px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Birds that die are usually dehydrated (causing kidney lesions).</li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(http://www.gumboro.com/images/layout/hasChild.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 6px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Frequently petechial haemorrhages are present in the thigh and pectoral muscles.</li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(http://www.gumboro.com/images/layout/hasChild.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 6px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Haemorrhages and erosions may be present at the juncture of the proventriculus and gizzard.</li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(http://www.gumboro.com/images/layout/hasChild.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 6px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Bursal lesions are variable depending on the progress of the disease. Expected changes that may occur are tabulated below.</li>
</ul><table style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" summary="expected changes in bursal size, weight and morphology that may occur in Gumboro disease"><caption style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #ffe7ce; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(253, 196, 141); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(253, 196, 141); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #ff9618; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;">Gumboro disease: Summary of expected changes in bursal size, weight and morphology</caption><thead style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">
<tr style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><th style="border-bottom-color: rgb(215, 215, 215); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: #8d8d8d; font-size: 1.1em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 5px; vertical-align: top;">Days post infection</th><th style="border-bottom-color: rgb(215, 215, 215); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: #8d8d8d; font-size: 1.1em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 5px; vertical-align: top;">Size</th><th style="border-bottom-color: rgb(215, 215, 215); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: #8d8d8d; font-size: 1.1em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 10px; padding-top: 5px; vertical-align: top;">Morphology</th></tr>
</thead><tbody style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">
<tr style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 5px; vertical-align: top;">2 - 3</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 5px; vertical-align: top;">Bursa increases in size and weight</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 10px; padding-top: 5px; vertical-align: top;">Oedematous with gelatinous yellow transudate covering serosal surface.<br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" />Colour changes from normal white to a cream colour. Petechial to extensive haemorrhaging may be present.</td></tr>
<tr style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 5px; vertical-align: top;">4</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 10px; padding-top: 5px; vertical-align: top;">Bursa double the normal weight and size</td></tr>
<tr style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 5px; vertical-align: top;">5</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 5px; vertical-align: top;">Bursa returns to normal weight</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 10px; padding-top: 5px; vertical-align: top;">Transudate and oedema disappear. Bursa turns a grey colour.</td></tr>
<tr style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 5px; vertical-align: top;">8</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 10px; padding-top: 5px; vertical-align: top;">Bursa 1/3 of original weight</td></tr>
</tbody></table><div style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><strong style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Variant IBDV strains</strong> do not cause as severe an inflammatory response. However severe bursal atrophy is characteristic and mortality is usually less than 5%.</div><div style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><strong style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Very virulent IBDV strains</strong> cause severe lesions in other lymphoid organs such as the thymus, caecal tonsils and spleen in addition to bursal lesions.</div><img alt="Normal bursa and atrophied bursa post IBDV infection" height="179" src="http://www.gumboro.com/images/disease-bursa.jpg" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" width="250" /><div class="imagecaption" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Normal bursa and atrophied bursa post IBDV infection</div><img alt="Bursas after IBDV infection" height="200" src="http://www.gumboro.com/images/disease-3stage-bursa.jpg" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" width="350" /><br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /><div style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Bursas from Left to Right:</div><ol style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="background-image: none; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Acute stage. Enlarged oedematous bursa</li>
<li style="background-image: none; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">5 days post infection bursa returns to normal size.<br style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" />May be haemorrhagic as in this specific bursa</li>
<li style="background-image: none; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">8 days post infection bursa atrophied and up to 1/8 of normal size</li>
</ol><h2 style="color: #ff9618; font-size: 2em; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em;">Subclinical IBD</h2><ul style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.3em; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(http://www.gumboro.com/images/layout/hasChild.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 6px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Subclinical IBD occurs when chickens are exposed to IBDV during the first two weeks post hatch and have sufficient maternal antibody at time of infection to prevent clinical disease but not viral replication in the bursa.</li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(http://www.gumboro.com/images/layout/hasChild.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 6px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Characterised by bursal atrophy, immunosuppression and resultant increased susceptibility to secondary infections (such as <i style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">E. coli</i>).</li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(http://www.gumboro.com/images/layout/hasChild.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 6px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">No peak mortality as evidenced with clinical IBD.</li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(http://www.gumboro.com/images/layout/hasChild.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 6px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Secondary infections in broilers, mainly <i style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">E. coli</i>, result in a continuous above standard daily mortality and poorer feed conversions.</li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(http://www.gumboro.com/images/layout/hasChild.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 6px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Due to immunosuppression there can be a poor response to subsequent vaccinations.</li>
</ul>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8555785513722490136.post-27837569163619266112011-07-09T04:02:00.000-07:002011-07-09T04:02:10.699-07:00The IBD Virus<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 15px;"><b></b></span><br />
<h2 style="color: #ff9618; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em;"><b><br />
</b></h2><ul style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.3em; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(http://www.gumboro.com/images/layout/hasChild.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 6px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><b>Small, non-enveloped double stranded RNA virus.</b></li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(http://www.gumboro.com/images/layout/hasChild.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 6px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><b>Family: <i style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Birnaviridae.</i></b></li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(http://www.gumboro.com/images/layout/hasChild.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 6px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><b>Very stable hardy virus.</b></li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(http://www.gumboro.com/images/layout/hasChild.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 6px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><b>Able to withstand a wide pH range (pH 2-12).</b></li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(http://www.gumboro.com/images/layout/hasChild.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 6px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><b>Heat stable (still viable after 30 minutes at 60°C).</b></li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(http://www.gumboro.com/images/layout/hasChild.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 6px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><b>High level of resistance to most commonly used disinfectants.</b></li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(http://www.gumboro.com/images/layout/hasChild.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 6px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><b>Survives in the poultry house environment for extended periods of time.</b></li>
</ul>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8555785513722490136.post-38474201091745509942011-07-09T03:57:00.000-07:002011-07-09T03:57:17.299-07:00Gumboro Disease..... IBD - overview<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 15px;"></span><br />
<div style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD), or Gumboro Disease, is a viral disease affecting young chicken's. The disease has a worldwide prevalence. The target organ of the virus is the Bursa of Fabricius, an important organ in the young chickens developing immune system.</div><div style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">The economic impact of an Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) infection is twofold:</div><ol style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="background-image: none; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Direct mortality that can reach levels in excess of 40%, and</li>
<li style="background-image: none; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Secondary infections, due to a suboptimal immune system, having a negative impact on production efficiency.</li>
</ol><div style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">The negative effects of IBDV can be successfully controlled by<a href="http://www.gumboro.com/control/vaccination/" style="color: #ff9618; font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: underline;">vaccination</a> and implementing sound <a href="http://www.gumboro.com/control/biosecurity.asp" style="color: #ff9618; font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: underline;">biosecurity</a> prinicples</div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8555785513722490136.post-39257688957385500972011-07-08T22:10:00.001-07:002013-07-31T16:35:16.578-07:00Gumboro disease....an overview<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 15px;"></span><br />
<div style="color: #333333; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><b>Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD)</b>, or Gumboro Disease, is a viral disease affecting young chicken's. The disease has a worldwide prevalence. The target organ of the virus is the Bursa of Fabricius, an important organ in the young chickens developing immune system.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">The economic impact of an Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) infection is twofold:</div><ol style="color: #333333; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="background-image: none; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Direct mortality that can reach levels in excess of 40%, and</li>
<li style="background-image: none; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Secondary infections, due to a suboptimal immune system, having a negative impact on production efficiency.</li>
</ol><div style="color: #333333; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">The negative effects of IBDV can be successfully controlled by three ways:</div><div style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><a href="http://www.gumboro.com/control/vaccination/" style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">vaccination</a> </span></div><div style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333;"> implementing sound</span><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333;"> </span><a href="http://www.gumboro.com/control/biosecurity.asp" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">biosecurity</span></a></b> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333;">prinicples</span></div><div style="color: #333333; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><b><u>natureropathy</u></b></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0Nasir Bagh, Anarkali31.5711 74.30629